Penerapan Kebijakan Immigration Restriction Act di Australia (1901-1973)

Abstract

Abstrak
Australia merupakan salah satu negara dengan beragam latar belakang dan kebudayaan masyarakatnya. Dalam lembaran sejarah, Australia tercatat pernah menerapkan kebijakan rasis yang dinamakan Immigration Restriction Act tahun 1901-1973. Kebijakan tersebut memberi dampak yang besar terhadap proses kesadaran jati diri Australia sehingga bisa seperti sekarang. Australia menjadi tampilan bentuk negara yang terlahir karena jalinan proses keterbukaan dalam keberagaman. Berdasarkan itu, penulis mengkaji riwayat kebijakan Immigration Restriction Act (1901-1973). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian sejarah dengan analisis sumber secara deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan berupa arsip atau dokumen resmi yang didukung dengan sumber buku, jurnal dan artikel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bawah penerapan Immigration Restriction Act banyak ditentang sehingga berpengaruh terhadap dikeluarkannya kebijakan mulkulturalisme, sebagai solusi dari permasalahan imigrasi dan keberagaman di Australia.

Kata Kunci: Australia, Imigrasi, Pembatasan

Abstract
Australia is a country with diverse backgrounds and people's cultures. In the pages of history, Australia is recorded to have implemented a racist policy called the Immigration Restriction Act in 1901-1973. This policy has had a major impact on the process of Australian identity awareness so that it can become what it is today. Australia is a display of the form of a country that was born because of the interwoven process of openness in diversity. Based on that, the author reviews the history of the Immigration Restriction Act (1901-1973) policy. The research method used is historical research with descriptive qualitative source analysis. Sources of data are used in the form of archives or official documents supported by sources of books, journals, and articles. The results showed that the implementation of the Immigration Restriction Act was widely opposed so it influenced the issuance of multiculturalism policies, as a solution to the problems of immigration and diversity in Australia.

Keywords:  Australia, Immigration, Restriction