Perbandingan Tingkat Kerusakan Buah Kopi Oleh Hama Penggerek (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) pada Perkebunan Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) dengan Ketinggian Berbeda
Abstract
Penggerek buah kopi (PBKo) Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. adalah salah satu hama utama yang menyerang tanaman kopi Arabika di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Secara umum, Hypothenemus hampei dapat menyerang berbagai jenis kopi, tetapi kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) cenderung lebih rentan terhadap serangan ini dibandingkan dengan kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora). Di Indonesia, jenis kopi yang banyak ditanam adalah kopi Arabika dan kopi Robusta. Kopi Arabika lebih banyak ditanam di dataran tinggi, sementara kopi Robusta lebih banyak ditanam di dataran rendah. Menarik untuk mengetahui kelimpahan populasi PBKo dan tingkat kerusakan pada kopi arabika di dataran tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan populasi dan tingkat kerusakan PBKo pada kopi arabika di dataran tinggi. Pengamatan dilakukan di perkebunan kopi rakyat di Kabupaten Kerinci dan Laboratorium Bioekologi Serangga Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kerusakan PBKo tertinggi terdapat di Desa Sungai Renah (1242 mdpl), Kecamatan Kayu Aro Barat (1242 mdpl) yakni 64,32% dan kerusakan terendah juga terdapat di Desa N1, Kecamatan Kayu Aro Barat yaitu 8,04% (1654 mdpl). Hal tersebut menunjukkan tingkat kerusakan PBKo berkurang dengan meningkatnya ketinggian lokasi.
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The coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. is one of the main pests that attacks Arabica coffee plants worldwide, including in Indonesia. Generally, Hypothenemus hampei can attack various types of coffee, but Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) tends to be more susceptible to this pest compared to Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora). In Indonesia, the most commonly cultivated types of coffee are Arabica and Robusta. Arabica coffee is mainly grown in highland areas, while Robusta coffee is grown in lowland areas. It is interesting to know the population abundance and level of damage caused by CBB on Arabica coffee in highland areas. This study aims to determine the population abundance and level of damage caused by CBB on Arabica coffee in highland areas. Observations were conducted in smallholder coffee plantations in Kerinci District and the Insect Bioecology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. The results showed that the highest CBB damage was found in Sungai Renah Village (1242 mdpl), Kayu Aro Barat Sub-district (1242 mdpl), with a damage level of 64.32%, while the lowest damage was found in N1 Village, Kayu Aro Barat Sub-district, with a damage level of 8.04% (1654 masl). This indicates that the level of CBB damage decreases with increasing altitude.
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PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)DOI: https://doi.org/10.37058/mp.v8i1.6972
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