UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL ALANG-ALANG, TEKI, DAN BABADOTAN TERHADAP PATOGEN ANTRAKNOSA CABAI MERAH

Abstract

Colletotrichum sp., agen penyebab patogen antraknosa, merupakan salah satu ancaman prominen dalam konteks budidaya cabai karena mampu mengurangi produktivitas secara substansial. Kerugian hasil panen bisa mencapai 90%, terutama pada masa musim hujan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efikasi ekstrak fitokimia dari Cyperus rotundus L., Imperata cylindrica L., dan Ageratum conyzoides L. terhadap Colletotrichum sp., patogen penyebab antraknosa pada cabai merah, baik dalam skala in vitro maupun in vivo. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Siliwangi, sejak Juni hingga Oktober 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 kali pengulangan, termasuk kontrol (aquades), fungisida mankozeb, ekstrak Imperata cylindrica, Cyperus rotundus, Ageratum conyzoides, dan kombinasi ekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua ekstrak mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Colletotrichum sp., dengan ekstrak dari Cyperus rotundus menunjukkan efikasi paling tinggi dalam uji in vivo dengan mengurangi intensitas serangan dan penurunan berat buah sebesar masing-masing 16,7% dan 1,47%.

The Colletotrichum sp., instigator of anthracnose disease, poses a pivotal threat in chili cultivation, as it can significantly diminish productivity. This malady could result in yield losses up to 90%, particularly during rainy seasons. The aim of this investigation is to assess the efficacy of extracts derived from Cyperus rotundus L. (nut grass), Imperata cylindrica L. (cogongrass), and Ageratum conyzoides L. (billygoat weed) against Colletotrichum sp., the causal agent of red chili anthracnose, both in vitro and in vivo. The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Siliwangi University, from June to October 2023. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) encompassing 6 treatments with 4 replications was employed, with treatments including control (distilled water), the fungicide mancozeb, cogongrass extract, nut grass extract, billygoat weed extract, and a combination thereof. Test results revealed that all extracts exhibited suppressive effects on Colletotrichum sp., with nut grass extract proving most effective in the in vivo assay, reducing disease intensity and fruit weight loss by 16.7% and 1.47%, respectively.