Keanekaragaman Artropoda pada Berbagai Kombinasi Pola Tanam Jagung Ketan dan Edamame
Abstract
Sistem tanam monokultur yang umum diterapkan petani cenderung menurunkan kestabilan agroekosistem karena meningkatnya risiko serangan hama dan penyakit. Salah satu alternatifnya ialah sistem polikultur yang dapat memperkaya habitat bagi berbagai jenis artropoda, termasuk musuh alami hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman artropoda pada berbagai kombinasi tanam jagung ketan dan kedelai edamame dengan tambahan tanaman border serai dan kemangi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada empat tipe lahan pertaniandi Kebonsari, Jember, Jawa Timur: 1) monokultur jagung ketan, 2) polikultur jagung ketan-edamame, (3) polikultur jagung ketan-edamame dengan border serai, dan 4) polikultur jagung ketan-edamame dengan border kemangi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan pitfall trap, yellow trap, dan sweep net, sedangkan data dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman (H'), kemerataan (E), dan dominasi (C). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan polikultur bersamaan dengan border tanaman aromatik terbukti meningkatkan keseimbangan komunitas arthropoda yang menguntungkan. Polikultur kemangi efektif meningkatkan parasitoid, sedangkan polikultur serai lebih optimal dalam meningkatkan predator dan penyerbuk.
The monoculture system commonly practiced by Indonesian farmers tends to reduce agroecosystem stability due to the higher risk of pest and disease. On the other hand, polyculture can provide a more diverse habitat that supports beneficial arthropods, including natural enemies. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of arthropods in various planting combinations of waxy maize and edamame with additional border plants of lemongrass and basil. The research was conducted from June to September 2024 in Kebonsari, Jember, East Java, using four treatments: (1) maize monoculture, (2) maize–edamame polyculture, (3) maize–edamame polyculture with lemongrass borders, and (4) maize–edamame polyculture with basil borders. Arthropod sampling was carried out using pitfall traps, yellow traps, and sweep nets, and data were analyzed using the diversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and dominance index (C). The results showed that the polyculture combined with aromatic plants as a border effectively enhanced the balance of beneficial arthropod communities. Polyculture with basil effective in increasing parasitoid abundance, while polyculture with lemongrass is more optimal in increasing predators and pollinators.
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PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)DOI: https://doi.org/10.37058/mp.v10i2.16570
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