Karakter Fisiologis Tanaman Jagung Manis dalam Sistem Tumpang Sari pada Beberapa Dosis Pemupukan

Abstract

Strategi agroekologi berupa tumpang sari (intercropping) telah lama diterapkan dan terbukti mampu meningkatkan produktivitas lahan dan keberlanjutan sistem pertanian. Produktivitas dan keberlanjutan harus diimbangi dengan pemupukan tepat dosis, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan telaah terhadap dosis pemupukan pada sistem monokultur dan tumpang sari. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL). Faktor pertama sistem tanam terdiri atas monokultur jagung manis; monokultur kacang hijau; dan tumpang sari. Faktor kedua dosis pemupukan, terdiri atas 0%; 50%; 100%; dan 150%. Data pengamatan dianalisis ragam apabila terdapat beda nyata, dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) taraf 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem tanam tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakter fisiologis tanaman jagung manis. Dosis pemupukan 100% menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan tanaman, laju pertumbuhan absolut, dan indeks luas daun tanaman jagung manis dengan hasil terbaik, sedangkan pada nisbah kesetaraan lahan dengan pemupukan 0% menunjukkan hasil terbaik.

Agroecological strategies such as intercropping have long been implemented and proven to increase land productivity and the sustainability of agricultural systems. Productivity and sustainability must be balanced with precise fertilizer dosages; therefore, it is necessary to examine fertilization rates in both monoculture and intercropping systems. This study utilized a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The first factor, cropping systems, consisted of sweet corn monoculture, mung bean monoculture, and intercropping. The second factor, fertilizer dosage, consisted of 0%, 50%, 100%, and 150%. Observational data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and if significant differences were found, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% level. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the cropping system had no significant effect on the physiological characteristics of sweet corn plants. The 100% fertilization dose showed the best results for the crop growth rate, absolute growth rate, and leaf area index of sweet corn, whereas the land equivalent ratio showed the best results at the 0% fertilization level.